A New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions

Highlights

• Consistent with current knowledge on pathophysiology, three forms of periodontitis can be identified: necrotizing periodontitis, periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, and the forms of the disease previously recognized as “chronic” or “aggressive”, now grouped under a single category, “periodontitis.”
• The classification framework for periodontitis is based on a multidimensional staging and grading system that could be adapted over time as new evidence emerges. Staging is largely dependent upon the severity of disease at presentation as well as on the complexity of disease management, while grading provides supplemental information about biological features of the disease.
• The consensus report presents a new classification of gingival recession that combines clinical parameters including the gingival phenotype as well as characteristics of the exposed root surface. In the consensus report the term periodontal biotype was replaced by periodontal phenotype.
• Traumatic occlusal force, replacing the term excessive occlusal force, is the force that exceeds the adaptive capacity of the periodontium and/ or the teeth.
• The term biologic width was replaced by supracrestal attached tissues. Clinical procedures involved in the fabrication of indirect restorations was added because of new data indicating that these procedures may cause recession and loss of clinical attachment.
• Clinically, peri‐implant health is characterized by an absence of visual signs of inflammation and bleeding on probing. Peri‐implant health Clinically, peri‐implant health is characterized by an absence of visual signs of inflammation and bleeding on probing. Peri‐implant health can exist around implants with normal or reduced bone support. It is not possible to define a range of probing depths compatible with peri‐implant health.
• Peri‐implant mucositis is characterized by bleeding on probing and visual signs of inflammation. While there is strong evidence that peri‐implant mucositis is caused by plaque, there is very limited evidence for non‐plaque induced peri‐implant mucositis. Peri‐implant mucositis can be reversed with measures aimed at eliminating the plaque. 
• Peri‐implantitis was defined as a plaque‐associated pathologic condition occurring in the tissue around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Peri‐implant mucositis is assumed to precede peri‐implantitis. Peri‐implantitis, in the absence of treatment, seems to progress in a non‐linear and accelerating pattern.
• Larger ridge deficiencies can occur at sites associated with severe loss of periodontal support, extraction trauma, endodontic infections, root fractures, thin buccal bone plates, poor tooth position, injury and pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses. Other factors affecting the ridge can be associated with medications and systemic diseases reducing the amount of naturally formed bone, tooth agenesis, and pressure from prostheses.

Resources

• Access the full-text of the New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions – Introduction and Key Changes from the 1999 Classification (PDF)
• Access the Website of the Proceedings of the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions
• Read/download the transcript of the full conversation (PDF)
• Read/download the transcript of the Highlighted Tables (PDF)
• Table 1 Classification of periodontal diseases and conditions
• Table 2 Periodontal Diseases and conditions
• Table 3 Peri-implant diseases and conditions
• Table 4 Multidimensional staging for periodontitis
• Table 5 Multidimensional grading for periodontitis 

Oasis Moment (2.06″)

Full Conversation (10.33″)

Highlighted Tables (9.41″)