- The autografts may be harvested from the patient’s hip and rib (extraoral) or from a healing extraction socket, chin, maxillary tuberosity, or retromolar areas (intraoral).
- Allografts consist of freeze-dried bone and freeze-dried decalcified bone from another source (usually cadaver bone).
- Alloplasts are synthetic materials; the most commonly used are tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite.
- Xenografts are typically bovine-based.
- Osseous coagulum is another type of grafting material, normally obtained during osseous surgery. The bone or blood shavings are collected and then packed into the defect in an attempt to promote new bone formation. Because the bone is predominantly cortical, the results are not predictable.
Source: Dental Secrets, Elsevier, 2015