References

Abel, E. (1980). Marihuana [sic]: The first twelve thousand years. New York, NY: Springer.

Abrams, D. (2016). Using medical cannabis in an oncology practice. Oncology, 30(5), 397-404.

Adejumo, A.C., Alliu, S., Ajayi, T.O., Adejumo, K.L., Adegbala, O.M., Onyeakusi, N.E., Akinjero, A.M., Durojaiye, M., & Bukong, T.N. (2017). Cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 12(4):e0176416.

Agrawal, A., & Lynsky, M. (2013). Cannabis controversies: How genetics can inform the study of comorbidity. Addiction, 109(3), 360-370.

Aminoshariae, A., Kulild, J.C., Donaldson, M., & Hersch, E. (2016) Evidence-based recommendations for analgesic efficacy to treat pain of endodontic origin: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(10), 826-839.

Annas, G.J. (1997). Reefer madness–the federal response to California’s medical-marijuana law. New England Journal of Medicine, 337(6), 435-9.

Appendino, G., Gibbons, S., Giana, A., Pagani, A., Grassi, G., Stavri, M., … Rahman, M. (2008). Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: A structure-activity study. Journal of Natural Products, 71(8), 1427-1430.

Auther, A.M., Cadenhead, K.S., Carrión, R.E., Addington, J., Bearden, C.E., Cannon, T.D., McGlashan, T.H., Perkins, D.O., Seidman, L., & Tsuang, M. (2015). Alcohol confounds relationship between cannabis misuse and psychosis conversion in a high-risk sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavia, 132(1), 60-8.

Bagot, K., Milin, R., & Kaminer, Y. (2015). Adolescent initiation of cannabis use and early-onset psychosis. Substance Abuse, 36(4), 524-533.

Barber k. (2018). The Legalization of Marijuana: “Be Prepared”. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 22(5), 461-463.

Bensky, D., & Gamble, A. (1993). Chinese herbal medicine: Materia medica. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press.

Berman, A., & Flannery, M. (2001). American botanical-medical movements: Vox populi. New York, NY: Haworth Press.

Bisogno, T., Hanus, L., De Petrocellis, L., Tchilibon, S., Ponde, D., Brandi, I., … Di Marzo, V. (2001). Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: Effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide. British Journal of Pharmacology, 134(4), 845-852.

Blanco, C., Hasin, D.S., Wall, M.M., Flórez-Salamanca, L., Hoertel, N., Wang, S., Kerridge, B.T., & Olfson, M. (2016). Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: Prospective Evidence From a US National Longitudinal Study. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 73(4). 388-95

Block, R., Erwin, W., Farinpour, R., & Braverman, K. (1998). Sedative, stimulant, and other subjective effects of marijuana: Relationships to smoking techniques. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 59(2), 405-412.

Boden, M.T., Babson, K.A., Vujanovic, A.A., Short, N.A., & Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. American Journal of Addiction, 22(3), 277-84.

Bricker, J.B., Russo, J., Stein, M.B., Sherbourne, C., Craske, M., Schraufnagel, T.J., & Roy-Byrne, P. (2007). Does occasional cannabis use impact anxiety and depression treatment outcomes?: Results from a randomized effectiveness trial. Depression and Anxiety, 24(6), 392-8.

Boychuk D.G., Goddard, G., Maurio, G. & Orellana, M.F. (2015). The effectiveness of cannabinoids in the management of chronic nonmalignant neuropathic pain: a systematic review. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache, 29(1), 7-14.

Brill, N.Q., Crumpton, E., Frank, I.M., Hochman, J.S., Lomax, P., McGlothlin, W.H., & West, L.J. (1970). The marijuana problem. Annals of Internal Medicine, 73(3), 449-65.

Buckner, J.D., Ecker, A.H., & Dean, K.E. (2016). Solitary cannabis use frequency mediates the relationship between social anxiety and cannabis use and related problems. American Journal of Addiction, 25(2), 99-104.

Cairns, E.A., Baldridge, W.H., & Kelly, M.E. (2016). The Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target in Glaucoma. Neural Plasticity: 9364091. doi: 10.1155/2016/9364091.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). History of the surgeon general’s report on smoking and health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/history/index.htm

Cesamet prescribing information. (2013). Retrieved from http://cesamet.com/pdf/Cesamet_PI_50_count.pdf.

Chagas, M.H., Zuardi, A.W., Tumas, V., Pena-Pereira, M.A., Sobreira, E.T., Bergamaschi, M.M., dos Santos, A.C,, Teixeira, A.L., Hallak, J.E., & Crippa, J.A. (2014). Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 28(11), 1088-98.

Chang, Z., Bian, Y., He, Q., Yao, J., Zhu, J., Wu, J., … Duan, T. (2017). Suppression of STAT3 signaling by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces trophoblast dysfunction. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 42(2), 537-550.

Chen, T., He, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Qian, P., Hao, J., & Li, L. (2010). Analytical characterization of hempseed (Seed of Cannabis sativa L.) oil from eight regions in China. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 7(2), 117-129.

Cho, C.M., Hirsch, R., & Johnstone, S. (2005). General and oral health implications of cannabis use. Australian Dental Journal, 50(2):70-4.

Cotter, J, (2009). Efficacy of Crude Marijuana and Synthetic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Literature Review. Oncolology Nursing Forum, 1;36(3), 345-352.

Crippa, J.A., Zuardi, A.W., Martín-Santos, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2009). Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence. Human Psychopharmacology, 24(7), 515-23.

Darling, M.R., & Arendorf, T.M. (1992). Review of the effects of cannabis smoking on oral health. International Dental Journal, 42(1), 19-22.

Darling, M.R., & Arendorf, T.M. (1993). Effects of cannabis smoking on oral soft tissues. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 21(2), 78-81.

Deshpande, A., Mailis-Gagnon, A., Zoheiry, N., & Lakha, S.F. (2015). Efficacy and adverse effects of medical marijuana for chronic noncancer pain: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Canadian Family Physician, 61(8), e372-81.

Detyniecki, K., & Hirsch, L. (2015). Marijuana Use in Epilepsy: The Myth and the Reality. Current Neurolology and Neuroscience Reports, 15(10):65. doi: 10.1007/s11910-015-0586-5.

Donaldson, M. (2016). Herbal-Drug Interactions Important in Dentistry. West Bridgewater, MA: Western Schools.

Donaldson, M., Donaldson, D., & Quarnstrom, F. (2012). Nitrous oxide-oxygen administration: when safety features no longer are safe. J Am Dent Assoc,143,134-143.

Donaldson, M., & Goodchild, J. H. (2012). Pregnancy, breast-feeding and drugs used in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc, 143(8), 858-71.

Elia, N., Lysakowski, C., & Tramer, M.R. (2005). Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials. Anesthesiology, 103(6), 1296-1304.

Epidiolex Prescribing Information. (2018). Retrieved from, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/210365lbl.pdf.

Epilepsy Foundation. (2014). Retrieved from, https://www.epilepsy.com/

Etter, J. (2015). Electronic cigarettes and cannabis: An exploratory study. European Addiction Research, 21(3), 124-130.

Farnsworth, N., & Soejarto, D. (1991). Global importance of medicinal plants. In O. Akerele, V. Heywood, & H. Synge (Eds.), The conservation of medicinal plants. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Fasinu, P., Phillips, S., ElSohly, M., & Walker, L. (2016). Current status and prospects for cannabidiol preparations as new therapeutic agents. Pharmacotherapy, 36(7), 781-796.

Felter, H., & Lloyd, J. (1898/1983). King’s American dispensatory (18th ed.) Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications.

Firth, N.A. (1997). Marijuana use and oral cancer: a review. Oral Oncology, 33(6), 398-401.

Fitzcharles, M.A., Baerwald, C., Ablin, J., & Hauser, W. (2016). Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases (fibromyalgia syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis): A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Schmerz, 30(1), 47-61.

Foster, D.W., Ecker, A.H.,  Zvolensky M.J., & Buckner, J.D. (2015). Social anxiety and cannabis cravings: The influences of parent injunctive norms and tension reduction expectancies. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(9), 731-746.

Friedman, D., & Devinsky, O. (2016). Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Epilepsy. New England Journal of Medicine, 7;374(1), 94-5.

Gloss, D., & Vickrey, B. (2014). Cannabinoids for epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3:CD009270. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009270.pub3.

Golan, D. (2016). Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. Fourth ed, Walters Kluwer, 17-27.

González-Ortega, I., Alberich, S., Echeburúa, E., Aizpuru, F., Millán, E., Vieta, E., Matute, C., & González-Pinto, A. (2015). Subclinical depressive symptoms and continued cannabis use: predictors of negative outcomes in first episode psychosis. PLoS One, 15;10(4):e0123707.

Gorelick, D.A., Goodwin, R.S., Schwilke, E., Schroeder, J.R., Schwope, D.M., Kelly, D.L., Ortemann-Renon, C., Bonnet, D., & Huestis, M.A. (2013). Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers. American Journal of Addiction, 22(5), 510-4.

Green, K. (1998). Marijuana smoking vs cannabinoids for glaucoma therapy. Archives of Ophthalmo1ogy, 16(11), 1433-7.

Hall, W., & Lynskey, M. (2016). Evaluating the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use in the United States. Addiction, 111(10), 1764-1773.

Hasin, D., Sarvet, A., Cerda, M., Keyes, K.,Stohl, M., Galea, S., & Wall, M. (2017). US adult illicit cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and medical marijuana laws: 1991-1992 to 2012-2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(6), 579-588.

Hazekamp, A., & Fishedick, J. (2012). Cannabis from cultivar to chemovar. Drug Testing and Analysis, 4(7-8), 660-667.

Howlett, A.C. (1995). Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 35, 607-34.

Institute of Medicine. (1999). Marijuana and medicine: Assessing the science base. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Isaac, S., Saini, B., & Chaar, B. (2016). The role of medicinal cannabis in clinical therapy: Pharmacists’ perspectives. PLOS ONE, 11(5), e0155113. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014. 12135.x

Jones, R.T. (2002). Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42, 58S-63S.

Kedzior, K.K., & Laeber, L.T. (2014). A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population–a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry, 14:136

Kemper, J., Honig, E., & Martin, G. (2015). The effects of marijuana exposure on expiratory airflow: A study of adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12(2), 135-141.

Kendall, D., & Alexander, S. (Eds.). (2017). Advances in pharmacology: Cannabinoid pharmacology. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press/Elsevier.

Kepple, N., & Freisthler, B. (2012). Exploring the ecological association between crime and medical marijuana dispensaries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(4), 523-530.

Kleinig, J. (2015). Ready for retirement: The gateway drug hypothesis. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(8-9), 971-975.

Klotz, K.A., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Antonio-Arce, V.S., & Jacobs, J. (2018). Cannabidiol for Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy-A Cross-Sectional Survey. Frontiers in Neurology, 9:731. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00731.

Koppel, B.S. (2015). Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 788-92.

Köse, E.O., Deniz, G., Sarikürkçü, C., Aktaş, O. & Yavuz, M. (2010). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Sideritis erythrantha Boiss. and Heldr. (var. erythrantha and var. cedretorum P.H. Davis) endemic in Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(10), 2960-5.

Ksir, C., & Hart, C.L. (2016). Cannabis and Psychosis: a Critical Overview of the Relationship. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(2), 12.

Lanz, C., Mattsson, J., Soydaner, U., & Brenneisen, R. (2016). Medicinal cannabis: In vitro validation of vaporizers for the smoke-free inhalation of cannabis. PLOS ONE, 11(1), e0147286. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147286.

Lee, M. (2012). Smoke signals: A social history of marijuana – Medical, recreational, and scientific. New York, NY: Scribner.

Levin, L. S., & Idler, E. L. (2010). The hidden health care system. Neenah, WI: Golden Apple Publications.

Libster, M. (1999). Guidelines for selecting a medical herbalist for consultation and referral: Consulting a medical herbalist. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 5(5), 457-462.

Libster, M. (2002). Delmar’s integrative herb guide for nurses. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning.

Libster, M. (2004). Herbal diplomats. Neenah, WI: Golden Apple Publications.

Ligresti, A., De Petrocellis, L., & Di Marzo, V. (2016). From phytocannabinoids to cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic physiological and pathological roles through complex pharmacology. Physiological Reviews, 96, 1593-1659.

Lutge, E.E., Gray, A., & Siegfried, N. (2013). The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 30;(4):CD005175.

Lynch, M.E., & Campbell, F. (2011). Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 72(5), 735-44.

Maloney, W.J. (2011). Significance of cannabis use to dental practice. New York State Dental Journal, 77(3), 36-39.

Marijuana Policy Project. (2017). State policy. Retrieved on February 4, 2018, from https://www.mpp.org/states/.

Marinol prescribing information. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.rxabbvie.com/pdf/marinol_PI.pdf.

Marks, M.A., Chaturvedi, A.K., Kelsey, K., Straif, K., Berthiller, J., Schwartz, S.M., Smith, E., Wyss, A., Brennan, P., Olshan, A.F., Wei, Q., Sturgis, E.M., Zhang, Z.F., Morgenstern, H., Muscat, J., Lazarus, P., McClean, M., Chen, C., Vaughan, T.L., Wunsch-Filho, V., Curado, M.P., Koifman, S., Matos, E., Menezes, A., Daudt, A.W., Fernandez, L., Posner, M., Boffetta, P., Lee, Y.C., Hashibe, M., & D’Souza, G (2014). Association of marijuana smoking with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers: pooled analysis from the INHANCE consortium. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 23(1), 160-71

Mathias, T. GW Pharma cannabis drug set to hit market following DEA nod. (2018). Retrieved from, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gw-pharma-dea/gw-pharma-cannabis-drug-set-to-hit-market-following-dea-nod-idUSKCN1M71WI.

McKenna, T. (1992). Food of the gods: The search for the original tree of knowledge – A radical history of plants, drugs, and human evolution. New York, NY: Bantam.

McLaren, J., Swift, W., Dillon, P., & Allsop, S. (2008). Cannabis potency and contamination: A review of the literature. Addiction, 103(7), 1100-1109.

McLoughlin, B.C., Pushpa-Rajah, J.A., Gillies, D., Rathbone, J., Variend, H., Kalakouti, E., & Kyprianou, K. (2014). Cannabis and schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 10:CD004837.

Miech, R., Patrick, M., O’Malley, P., & Johnston, L. (2017). The influence of college attendance on risk for marijuana initiation in the United States: 1977 to 2015. American Journal of Public Health, 107(6), 996-1002.

Mikulcová, V., Kašpárková, V., Humpoliček, P., & Buňková, L. (2017). Formulation, Characterization and Properties of Hemp Seed Oil and Its Emulsions. Molecules, 22(5). pii: E700.

Mittleman, M. A., Lewis, R. A., Maclure, M., Sherwood, J. B., & Muller, J. E. (2001). Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation, 103, 2805-2809.

Moerman, D. (1998). Native American ethnobotany. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

Moitra, E., Anderson, B.J. & Stein, M.D. (2016). Reductions in cannabis use are associated with mood improvement in female emerging adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33(4), 332-8.

Moore, P.A., & Hersh, E.V. (2013). Combining ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute pain management after third-molar extractions: translating clinical research to dental practice. Journal of the American Dental Association, 144(8), 898-908.

Nadkarni, K. (1976). Indian materia medica. New Delhi, India: Mehra Offset Press.

Naftali, T., Bar-Lev Schleider, L., Dotan, I., Lansky, E.P., Sklerovsky Benjaminov, F., & Konikoff, F.M. (2013). Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study. Clinical Gastroenterology and  Hepatology, 11(10), 1276-1280.

National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24625/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state.

National Cancer Institute. (2017). Cannabis and cannabinoids (PDQ®) – Health professional version. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/aboutcancer/treatment/cam/hp/cannabis-pdq#section/_9

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2017). Marijuana overview. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/marijuana-overview.aspx

National Institute on Drug Abuse (2017e). Is marijuana a gateway drug? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-gateway-drug

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2016). Marijuana: Facts parents need to know – Starting the conversation. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/ marijuana-facts-parents-need-to-know/ starting-conversation

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2016). Synthetic cannabinoids (K2/Spice). Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/synthetic-cannabinoids-k2spice

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017a). Available treatments for marijuana use disorders. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/available-treatments-marijuana-use-disorders

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017a). Can marijuana use during and after pregnancy harm the baby? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/can-marijuana-use-during-pregnancy-harm-baby

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017b). Drug facts – What is marijuana? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017b). Is marijuana safe and effective as medicine? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/marijuana/marijuana-safe-effective-medicine

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017c). How does marijuana produce its effects? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017c). What is marijuana? Retrieved from https:// www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuanaMedMariChap1Format.docxMedMariChap1Format.docx

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017d). Is marijuana addictive? Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive

Norberg, M., Olivier, J., Schmidt, N., & Zvolensky, M. (2014). Cannabis use among treatment-seeking smokers: Motives and the moderating effects of anxiety sensitivity. The American Journal on Addictions, 23(1), 7-14.

Núñez, C., Ochoa, S., Huerta-Ramos, E., Baños, I., Barajas, A., Dolz, M., Sánchez, B., Del Cacho, N.; GENIPE Group, & Usall, J. (2016). Cannabis use and cognitive function in first episode psychosis: differential effect of heavy use. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 233(5), 809-21.

O’Connell, B.K., Gloss, D., & Devinsky, O. (2017). Cannabinoids in treatment-resistant epilepsy: A review. Epilepsy and Behaviour, 70(Pt B), 341-348

O’Connor, B. (1995). Healing traditions: Alternative medicine and the health professions. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Ogeil, R.P., Phillips, J.G., Rajaratnam, S.M., & Broadbear, J.H. (2015). Risky drug use and effects on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Human Psychopharmacology, 30(5), 356-63.

Orem, D.,  Renpenning, K.,  & Taylor, S. (2003). Self-care theory in nursing. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

Peters, E., Budney, A., & Carroll, K. (2012). Clinical correlates of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use: A systematic review. Addiction, 107(8), 1404-1417.

Phillips, R.N., Turk, R.F., & Forney, R.B. (1971). Acute toxicity of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats and mice. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 136(1), 260-3.

Piontek, D., Kraus, L., & Klempova, D. (2008). Short scales to assess cannabis-related problems: A review of psychometric properties. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 3(25). doi:10.1186/1747-597X-3-25.

Porcella, A.,  Maxia, C., Gessa, G.L., & Pani, L. (2001). The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 decreases the intraocular pressure in human glaucoma resistant to conventional therapies. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 13(2), 409-12.

Portenoy, R.K., Ganae-Motan, E.D., Allende, S., Yanagihara, R., Shaiova, L., Weinstein, S., McQuade, R., Wright, S., & Fallon, M.T. (2012). Nabiximols for opioid-treated cancer patients with poorly-controlled chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, graded-dose trial. Journal of Pain, 13(5), 438-49.

Prescribers’ Digital Reference. (2018). Dronabinol drug summary. Retrieved from http://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Marinol-dronabinol-2726.4113.

Pushpa-Rajah, J.A., McLoughlin, B.C., Gillies, D., Rathbone, J., Variend, H., Kalakouti, E., & Kyprianou, K. (2015). Cannabis and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(2), 336-7.

Ramer, R., & Hinz, B. (2008). Inhibition of cancer cell invasion by cannabinoids via increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 100(1), 59-69.

Reis, J., Auer, R., Bancks, M., Goff, D., Lewis, C., Pletcher, M., … & Sidney, S. (2017). Cumulative lifetime marijuana use and incident cardiovascular disease in middle age: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. American Journal of Public Health, 107(4), 601-606.

Ribeiro, L., & Ind, P. (2016). Effect of cannabis smoking on lung function and respiratory symptoms: A structured literature review. Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 26, 16071. doi:10.1038/npjp-crm.2016.71

Rosenberg, M. (2010). Preparing for medical emergencies: the essential drugs and equipment for the dental office. Journal of the American Dental Association, 141(Suppl 1), 14S-19S.

Russo, E. (2011). Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344-1364.

Russo, E. (2016). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: Current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistant syndromes. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1(1), 154-165.

Sativex prescribing information. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.bayer.ca/omr/online/sativex-pm-en.pdf.

Schaffer Library on Drug Policy. (2018). What is the lethal dose of marijuana? Retrieved from http://www.druglibrary.org/SCHAFFER/LIBRARY/mj_overdose.htm.

Schepker, K. (2017, Spring). In cannabis-friendly states, opioid overdoses decline. Holistic Primary Care, 11.

Schoeler, T., Petros, N., Di Forti, M., Pingault, J.B., Klamerus, E., Foglia, E., Small, A., Murray, R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2016). Association Between Continued Cannabis Use and Risk of Relapse in First-Episode Psychosis: A Quasi-Experimental Investigation Within an Observational Study. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 73(11), 1173-1179.

Selvarajah, D., Ghandi, R., Emery, C.J., & Tesgaye, S. (2010). Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of cannabis-based medicinal product (Sativex) in painful diabetic neuropathy: depression is a major confounding factor. Diabetes Care,33(1), 128-30.

Smeriglio, A., Galati, E., Monforte, M., Lanuzza, F., Angelo, V., & Circosta, C. (2016). Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of cold-pressed seed oil from Finola cultivar of Cannabis sativa L. Phytotherapy Research, 30(8), 1298-1307.

Soltesz, I., Alger, B.E., Kano, M., Lee, S.H., Lovinger, D.M., Ohno-Shosaku, T., & Watanabe, M. (2015). Weeding out bad waves: towards selective cannabinoid circuit control in epilepsy. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 16(5), 264-77.

Steenkamp, M.M., Blessing, E.M., Galatzer-Levy, I.R., Hollahan, L.C., & Anderson, W.T. (2017). Marijuana and other cannabinoids as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A literature review. Depression and Anxiety, 34(3), 207-216

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50). Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.htm#idtextanchor009.

Tan, W.C., Lo, C., Jong, A., Xing, L., Fitzgerald, M.J., Vollmer, W.M., Buist, S.A., & Sin, D.D.; Vancouver Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Research Group. (2009). Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population-based study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(8), 814-20.

Tashkin, D. (2015). How beneficial is vaping cannabis to respiratory health compared to smoking? Addiction, 110(11), 1706-1707.

Tashkin, D.P. (2018). Marijuana and lung disease. Chest, 154(3), 653-663.

The Linnean Society (2018). Who was Linnaeus? Retrieved from https://www.linnean.org/ education-resources/who-was-linnaeus.

Thomas, A., Baillie, G. L., Phillips, A. M., Razdan, R. K., Ross, R. A., & Pertwee, R. G. (2007). Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology, 150(5), 613-623.

Thomas, G., Kloner, R., & Rezkalla, S. (2014). Adverse cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular effects of marijuana inhalation: What cardiologists need to know. American Journal of Cardiology, 113(1), 187-190.

Tompkins, P., & Bird, C. (1973). The secret life of plants. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Touw, M. (1981). The religious and medicinal uses of cannabis in China, India, and Tibet. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 13(1), 23-24.

Tzadok, M., Uliel-Siboni, S., Linder, I., Kramer, U., Epstein, O., Menascu, S., Nissenkorn, A., Yosef, O.B., Hyman, E., Granot, D., Dor, M., Lerman-Sagie, T., & Ben-Zeev, B. (2016). CBD-enriched medical cannabis for intractable pediatric epilepsy: The current Israeli experience. Seizure, 35, 41-4.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). HHS acting secretary declares public health emergency to address national opioid crisis. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/about/ news/2017/10/26/hhs-acting-secretary-declares-public-health-emergency-address-national-opioid-crisis.html.

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2016, August 11). DEA announces actions related to marijuana and industrial hemp. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/divisions/hq/2016/ hq081116.shtml.

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Drug scheduling. Retrieved on February 4, 2018, from https://www.dea. gov/druginfo/ds.shtml.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2017b). World drug report: Executive summary. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Publication. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/Booklet_1_EXSUM.pdf

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017a). Market analysis of plant-based drugs: Opiates, cocaine, and cannabis. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/wdr 2017/field/Booklet_3_Plantbased.pdf

Vandrey, R., & Haney, M. (2009). Pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: How close are we? CNS Drugs, 23(7), 543-553.

Weed, S. (1986). Wise woman herbal for the childbearing year. New York, NY: Ash Tree Publishing.

Whiting, P.F., Wolff, R.F., Deshpande, S., Di Nisio, M., Duffy, S,. Hernandez, A.V., Keurentjes, J.C., Lang, S., Misso, K., Ryder, S., Schmidlkofer, S., Westwood, M., & Kleijnen, J. (2015) .Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 313(24), 2456-73.

World Health Organization. (2013). WHO traditional medicine strategy, 2014-2023. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/ en/